Full Information about honeybees for starting beekeeping.

  Here's the full information about honeybees in brief. First  of all let's take a look at the families of bees. In the family of bees there are male and females. 

There is only One Queen in each hive. 

There are other honeybees the hive  they are called as workers and drones.The worker is always a female, the worker can lay eggs in absence of a queen but they are all infertile and will only become lazy drones.The worker bees have many roles in her lifetime. She starts out as a house bee and then a nurse bee, next there are builder, storage bees and guard bees and finally, she also goes out to collect forages and things. The workers live a life of 122 to 152 days.

Drones:-  

The drones are the only males in the hive and their only purpose is to mate with a queen. They sit around the hive, they eat and they do not work.The drone caught a queen from behind, then mates her and then he dies

The Queen lays about 1500 lakes in a day.

So in a  bee colony the members are primarily one queen, a whole bunch of workers and drones.

 Which bees are reared:-

1)Apis dorsata: It is also referred to as the rock bee. It is a giant bee and produces about 38 to 40 kg of honey per colony.

2) Apis indica: It is also referred to as the Indian bee. It can be easily domesticated and is most commonly used for honey production. The annual yield of honey is 2 to 5 kg per colony.

3) Apis florea: It is also referred to as the little bee. It rarely stings and thus honey extraction from its hive is easy. It produces about 1 kg of honey per colony per year.

4) Apis mellifera: It is also referred to as the Italian bee. This species has a very typical dance routine to indicate food availability, and like the little bee, stings less. As the common name suggests, this species is not local. However, because of the high amount of honey produced, it is often reared by beekeepers

Nature of bees:-   Apis indica are actually very calm.  Bees are vegetarian; they only bring in pollen and nectar; they're not the ones that  picnick the human. Many people say they're afraid to be allergic to bees when in actuality that majority and the bee stings that happen in this country are because of Yellow Jackets. Because Yellow Jackets are meat eaters and they're extremely aggressive. 

How honey bee make honey

 One healthy hive will make and consume more than 50 kg of honey in a single year, and that takes a lot of work. Honey is made from nectar, but it doesn’t come out of flowers as that golden, sticky stuff. After finding a suitable food source, bees dive in head-first, using their long, specially-adapted tongues to slurp a tiny sip of nectar into one of two stomachs. A single bee might have to drink from more than a thousand flowers to fill its honey stomach, which can weigh as much as the bee itself when full of nectar. 

Worker Bee:-

In the stomach of bees the digestive enzymes work to turn that nectar into sweet gold. When the bee returns to the hive, the forager bee will vomit the nectar into the mouth of another worker. That bee will vomit it into another bee’s mouth, and so on. This game of regurgitation telephone is an important part of the honey-making process, since each bee adds more digestive enzymes to turn long chains of complex sugars in the raw nectar into simple monosaccharides like fructose and glucose. 

At this point, the nectar is still watery, so the bees beat their wings and create an air current inside the hive to evaporate and thicken the nectar, finally capping the cell with beeswax so the enzyme-rich bee-barf can complete its transformation into honey. 

 For one pound of honey, tens of thousands of foraging bees will together fly more than three times around the world and visit upto 8 million flowers. That takes teamwork and organization, and although they can't talk they do communication with body language.

How honeybees interact with each other.

Foragers dance to tell other bees where to find food. A circle dance means flowers are pretty close to the hive, but for food that's further away, they get their waggle on. The waggle dance of the honey bee was first encoded by Karl von Frisch, and it’s definitely one of the coolest examples of animal communication in nature. First the bee walks in a straight line, wiggling its body back and forth and vibrating its wings, before repeating in a figure eight. Whatever angle the bee walks while wagging tells the other bees what direction to go. Straight up the line of honeycombs, then the food is in the direction of the sun. If thedance is pointed to the left or right, the other bees know to fly in that angle relative to the sun. The longer the waggle, the farther away the food is, and the better the food, the more excited the bee shakes its body. If that’s not amazing enough, even if they can't see the sun itself, they can infer where it is and the time of day by reading the polarization of light in the blue sky. A single bee is a pretty simple creature,but together they create highly complex and social societies.